User-Centered Design

Consistent learning leads to consistent creation.

In this 8-month-long capstone project, we worked with MedRespond, an online healthcare communications company that combines artificial intelligence, search and streaming media to deliver interactive, personalized communication solutions to patients and clients.

Research Overview

88

During the course of 8 months we engaged a total of 88 patients, caregivers, and subject matter experts through various research methodologies, including contextual inquiry, semi-structured interviews, and think-alouds. Doing so allowed us to deepen our understanding of the problem space, define key pain points and opportunities, validate concepts, and test and refine a product that constantly kept the user at the center.

Focus Setting

Background Research

During the first week of our project, after defining team and individual goals, roles, and how we wanted to work together as a team, we dived right into the problem space with background research. Our goal was to get as rich an understanding of our challenge as possible before our initial kick-off with our client and subsequent user research.

01

Heuristic
Evaluation

Preliminary design review of existing MedRespond platform, comparing each tool’s functionality to a list of vetted, expert usability principles and identifying  potential usability issues.

02

Literature
Review

Exploration of academic research on learning with videos, patient engagement, benefits of patient socialization and the use of affective design and other future design directions.

03

Competitive Analysis

Initial review of existing online patient engagement websites, comparing them with MedRespond for different features, capabilities, and usage of tools such as AI and media streaming.

04

Log Data
Analysis

Analysis of user interactions from the Fit For Surgery platform log, examining user behavior and detecting quantitative patterns in the way patients use the tool to learn about their condition.

Insights from Background Research

Videos are an effective medium for preparatory patient education.
Adaptive video-based education can reduce anxiety and cognitive load, improve satisfaction and engagement with patient care.
MedRespond needs more features that actively facilitate engagement.
Through our Heuristic Evaluations, we found that the biggest challenge of the current platform is a lack of flexibility and affordances needed for true conversational engagement.
Patients are empowered through continuous engagement.
Patients who make decisions and participate in their own care (e.g. via online support groups) feel better emotionally, are more optimistic, and have a better grasp on disease management.
Users currently occupy a more passive role on the platform.
Our Log Data Analysis confirmed that users rely on a predetermined flow of videos rather than actively engaging with the platform via the conversation feature.

Understanding the Problem

Generative Research

Throughout the course of four months, and in conjunction with ideative design methodologies, we explored a variety of healthcare topics, including oncology, cardiology, surgery, and chronic pain -- key topics areas covered by past MedRespond programs. By the end of spring we had interviewing a total of 45 respondents and were exclusively focused on designing for the liver transplant program at Cleveland Clinic.  

05

Semi-structured
Interview

Conducting interviews with individuals who had had any type of surgery, later holding a targeted second round of interviews with individuals who had gone through the liver transplant process.

06

Modeling Techniques

Exploration of academic research on learning with videos, patient engagement, benefits of patient socialization and the use of affective design and other future design directions.

07

Affinitizing & Synthesizing

Identifying common themes from user interviews with a week-long affinitizing session, allowing us to generate insights and develop greater understanding of the medical problem space.

08

Storyboard & Speed-dating

Quickly putting new ideas to paper and performing initial needs validation by testing these ideas through speed dating with liver transplant patients and caregivers in the Cleveland Clinic.

Key Insights from Generative Research

The patient experience is arduous and often unclear.
The patient experience upon symptom onset, prior to diagnosis, and throughout the entire journey, is filled with long periods of waiting, uncertainty, and logistical challenges. This results in fluctuating levels of emotion and motivation of disease management.
Patients are overwhelmed with and struggle to absorb information.
Transplant patients, when generally overwhelmed (both emotionally and physically), have difficulty processing information. They also may be suffering from severe cognitive impairment for other reasons, including but not limited to: Hepatic Encephalopathy (~60-70%), medication side effects, seizures, stroke, and coma. Information must be designed accordingly.
Caregivers are the most important piece of the liver transplant process.
Caregivers are the most crucial part of the transplant journey; patients are not even eligible without them and they shoulder an immense amount of informational and emotional burden.
Both Patient and Caregiver needs must be holistically addressed.
Caregivers lives are heavily impacted by the transplant journey as well. Whereas patients shoulder the physical burden, caregivers often shoulder great emotional and mental burden throughout the entire process.

Defining and Mapping

Generative Research Findings

Research is an iterative process for team Panacea. We generated and refined several research artifacts along the course of our generative research phase, such as research reports, personas, empathy maps, stakeholder diagrams (Panacea Bullseyes), customer journey maps, and service blueprints. These served as communication tools between us and our client, as well as documentation of key findings and considerations for our research-based design cycles.

Early Generative Research Report
Delivered 22 February, 2019
Cleveland Phase 1 Research Report
Delivered 29 March, 2019
Spring Research Report
Delivered 8 May, 2019
Cleveland Phase 2 Research Report
Delivered 13 June, 2019

Artifact

Empathy Maps

A canvas tool we used to gain a rich understanding of our users. The map guided us to think through users’ thoughts, feelings, and experiences by drawing from our own experiences. It is a strong tool for us to develop proto-personas and adopt the user-centered design mindset since day 1.

Artifact

Personas

Personas for both patients and caregivers were created for us to consolidate our research on our potential users. They helped us identify users’ goals and major barriers, and ensured that we were designing with our users in mind.
Pre-Surgery
Post-Surgery

Artifact

Panacea Bullseyes

Panacea Bullseye is an original, team-created Stakeholder Map that is designed to capture different stakeholders throughout the entire timeline of the a medical treatment process. With this Bullseye, we achieved a shared understanding of the problem space and the varying interactions among different stakeholders throughout time.

Artifact

Journey Map

A customer journey map captured the journey for both patient and caregiver throughout the process of a liver transplant surgery. With a journey map, we identified the most salient user pain points, and successfully prioritized the goals of our design based on user’s needs.

Artifact

Service Blueprint

A service blueprint was created to map out the service provided by the Cleveland Clinic liver transplant program. We identified the potential integration points where MedRespond’s platform can be utilized throughout the journey, as well as ways for MedRespond to be situated in the current service ecosystem in order to maximize the potential value created for users.

Next Step

Designing the preferred future of MedRespond

For patients, regaining control can indicate positive progress in recovery. A lessened sense of control after surgery can be irritating. For caregivers interviewed, a heightened sense of control lead to hope and positive emotions.
Design Process